EU assails Turkey over rights

Commission’s annual report holds mixed news for Balkan countries waiting to join bloc

Turkish protesters chant slogans against the country’s renewed ties with Armenia, while holding Azeri and Turkish flags during a protest near the Ataturk Stadium in Bursa, northern Turkey, yesterday.

BRUSSELS (AFP) – The European Union rapped Turkey over its rights record and voiced serious concern over pressure on the media yesterday as it issued its annual report on countries wanting to join the 27-nation club.

Ankara was praised for reaching a deal with Armenia over a “genocide” row going back to World War I – but criticized for refusal to open its ports to Cyprus as demanded under an EU customs accord.

The European Commission called for negotiations to start with the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) – long-stymied by a row with Greece over its name – and also proposed extending visa-free travel in Europe to Kosovo.

With Croatia nearing the “finishing line” on its bid to join, Iceland added a “new dimension” to its efforts to overtake the remaining wannabes – Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia.

But it was the way Brussels assailed Turkey – the biggest candidate, a mainly Muslim country whose future membership is opposed by heavyweights France and Germany – that caught eyes and ears.

“Turkey has a key role in terms of security of energy supplies,” said Enlargement Commissioner Olli Rehn, who also welcomed efforts to resolve internal tensions with ethnic Kurds.

However, he said Ankara needed to “revitalize” reform in key areas of “freedom of expression” and “women’s rights.”

Turkey last month slapped a 1.75-billion-euro (2.6-billion-dollar) fine on opposition press group Dogan. While Brussels praised the opening of a national Kurdish-language TV channel, Rehn said the EU had “serious concerns” over “political pressure” being applied on the media.

“If a tax fine is worth the annual turnover of the company, it is quite a strong sanction,” he said. “It may not only be a fiscal sanction, it feels also like a political sanction.”

The Commission also expressed concern over a deep rift at the highest levels in Turkish public life after charges were brought against military officers accused of belonging to a clandestine network known as Ergenekon. But the report underlined that a “lack of dialogue and spirit of compromise between political parties is detrimental to the pursuit of reforms.”

On overcrowded prisons, it warned that despite Ankara’s stated “zero-tolerance” policy, “allegations of torture and ill-treatment, and impunity for perpetrators are still a cause for concern.” Regarding women, it said “domestic violence, honor killings and early and forced marriages remain serious problems in some areas.”

Turkey began accession negotiations in 2005, but has so far opened just 11 of the 35 chapters that candidates must complete, with only one even provisionally closed. Eight others have been frozen since 2006 over the customs dispute with EU member Cyprus.

In Ankara, the Turkish minister responsible for EU relations said the report was generally “positive and even-handed.”

Croatia, in pole position to join next, has to focus on judicial reform and war crimes tribunal cooperation, the Commission said.

An agreement over a border row is due to be signed on October 23 between Croatia and EU member Slovenia, which would unblock its last three chapters.

Rehn, meanwhile, said the start of negotiations with FYROM would be “a very strong encouragement to settle the name issue [with Greece].” FYROM – a candidate country since December 2005 – was blocked from joining NATO in April 2008 and has also been blocked by Athens from opening EU negotiations.

In Skopje, as thousands celebrated in the streets yesterday carrying national and EU flags, FYROM Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski said it was a “historic day.”

In an effort to speed up reforms in Kosovo, which declared independence from Serbia in February 2008 but is still not recognized as a state by five EU nations, Brussels offered to “start work toward visa liberalization” and “prepare trade relations” next year.

Bosnia-Herzegovina, meanwhile, must first show it can “stand on its own feet” and “govern itself effectively.”

NICOSIA (Reuters) – Cyprus said yesterday it was disappointed the European Commission had not opted to recommend sanctions on Turkey for failing to open its ports to the island.

In an annual report, the EU executive said Turkey had made no progress in normalizing relations with Cyprus, adding that it was urgent that Ankara open its ports and airports to Greek-Cypriot traffic.

“We are disappointed because, based precisely on the findings of the Commission, we would have expected recommendations on some measures which should be taken in December,” Cypriot Foreign Minister Markos Kyprianou said. Cyprus says it will “not be business as usual” if Ankara fails to meet its committments and speaks of repercussions, but will not be more specific.

The EU report said Turkey continued to express public support for reunification talks and was expected to actively support them. “That is a superficial approach,” Kyprianou said.