Art draws a pessimistic, dark view of life
A mood of violence, annihilation, anguish and entrapment prevails in the first, much-awaited Athens biennial of contemporary art. Held under the provocative title «Destroy Athens,» this is an exhibition that is intended to shatter stereotypes and predetermined notions that stifle our existence and limit man’s freedom. Since, according to the exhibition’s catalog, «Athens is in itself an appropriate emblem for what we termed a stereotype,» several of the works included in the exhibition make reference to Athens, Greek history and culture. Yet this is not a biennial that intends to attack Greek history (the title is symbolic and broadly referential) but an exhibition that evokes concepts from existential philosophy and probes into the perennial question of existence and the search for the meaning of life. Although it is shaded with notes of optimism, overall it offers a dark vision of life filled with obstacles that deter self-fulfillment and challenge the power of will. More than half of the artworks shown in the biennial were commissioned especially for the show. This includes all the works by the Greek artists and some large productions by foreign artists, most notably that of German artist Olaf Nicolai, who made a documentary on a late 19th century house which a man by the name of Alekos Rodakis built on Aegina. For many of the remaining works, Athens is their European or world premiere. Video art makes up a large part of the exhibition which, moreover, includes works by both established and younger artists. Aside from the theoretical concept that the biennial makes a claim for, this is foremost an exhibition that succeeds in engaging the viewer and placing him in a particular mood. It is intelligently designed as a one-way route (a metaphor of our biological, forward-moving life’s course) which continues along the industrial, rough spaces of Gazi and along gray, concrete-built corridors covered with a wire net (they are the nets used for collecting olives – a subtle reference to Greek culture). Those that know what Technopolis looks like will be surprised to see an entirely different place. Taken on an almost underground journey and with limited exposure to daylight, the viewer is at no point offered a full view of what the Gazi architectural complex looks from the outside. But he is taken to some of the interiors that are used for the first time by the art exhibition and along rooms that vary in scale and architecture. This sense of surprise and constant change helps maintain the viewer’s excitement and pulls him through the exhibition’s dark mood. The narrative Another factor that keeps the viewer’s interest alive is the exhibition’s story line. The three curators of the exhibition (art historian Xenia Kalpaktsoglou, artist Poka-Yio and arts writer Augustine Zenakos, who also conceived the Athens biennial and should be credited for starting a contemporary art biennial in the city) have structured the exhibition around a six-chapter story, a metaphor for what the curators see as man’s course in life. The story begins with destruction. The image of crumbling buildings in the video installation by German artists Julian Rosefeldt – the first of the exhibition’s works – sets the mood. These are real-life footage material showing the demolition of buildings in Germany just after WWII. Catastrophe as a reminder of the war or as a harbinger of a new beginning? The question is left open. Yet the multimedia, video installation by Void Network that follows, although a bit simplified, expresses hope by positing collective action and friendship as an effective reaction to world crises. If the first chapter of the story is about destruction and a new beginning, the second is about how factors such as gender and age, history, ethnicity, culture and legends breed stereotypes and shape one’s identity. One of the most interesting works is a project by the British Otolith Group which reframes and presents a series of television series on Greece’s cultural heritage (interviews with intellectuals such as Michel Serres, Cornelius Castoriadis, Michel Serres and Iannis Xenakis appear) made by the French filmmaker Chris Marker in 1989. (The series was produced by the Onassis Foundation which, according to the exhibition’s catalog, found the material insulting to Greek identity. As a result, the documentary was not widely distributed.) In «Proposition for a New Greek Sculpture,» made in the early 1960s by the late Nikos Kessanlis – whose inclusion in the exhibition is an apt homage to his contribution to Greek modernism – a bucket and a rag suspended from the ceiling capture a 60s tendency in art for contesting the stereotypical language of art and seeking unconventional ways of expression. Folker de Jong’s monumental, figurative sculpture installation that resembles a mise-en-scene is one of the most eye-catching works in the section. Nearby, the drawings of American artist John Kleckner and Jannis Varelas are filled with motifs and figures drawn from mythology. Also of interest are the wall paintings of Stelios Faitakis, which use the style of Byzantine religious painting to tell the story of Socrates’ apology. In that same exhibition hall, a small drawing that Picasso made in the early 1950s in support of the liberation of the communist Manolis Glezos comes as a small, pleasant surprise. It is one of the exhibition’s numerous works that refer to Greece and its culture. The story then moves on to how life in our private, domestic space shapes our awareness and identities. One’s domestic space is shown as both a refuge and a prison. The section includes a video by Gregor Schneider in which the depiction of corridors creates an ominous, constricting feeling, furniture whose upholstery is designed by Bjarne Melgaard, an eerie-looking sculpture by Robert Gober, drawings by Jan Freuchen, a table with an uneven surface by Pierre Joseph and a live performance (for the first four days of the biennial) by Georgia Sagri. The video by Thanassis Totsikas, which shows the recurrent image of the artist throwing up, is closer to hoax than to art. It is an unfortunate moment in an exhibition in which the average, quality standard of the works should be noted. Indeed, not all of the works are of equal standing, something to be expected in such a large production. If «Destroy Athens» is about challenging stereotypes, then this is an occasion to also make us contemplate that what is presented as art is not always interesting or original. Sometimes it is should not even be counted as art. Contesting the myth of art and the artist is perhaps as useful as calling into question other stereotypes. The next section is the exhibition’s most pleasant and a metaphor for respite and the isolated moments of happiness that bring hope to what is, according to the exhibition’s concept, a rather dark existence. An open-air installation by «assume vivid astro focus,» looks like a playground, subtly evokes the hippie era and is the only instance where the viewer is exposed to full sunlight. Another work is Torbjorn Rodland’s video featuring calming, serene images of young women in the countryside. Extreme violence follows in the next section: skeletons dressed in rags in the installation by Aidas Bareikis, the urban debris in Kimberly Clark’s work or images of cosmogonic disaster in the drawings of Vassilis Patmios Karouk and the work of Martin Skauen make evil reappear. The violence in John Bock’s video is impossible to watch. In the final section, violence fades but existential angst sets in. The confrontation of nothingness, the time wasted in trivialities, of life spent below one’s expectations becomes a haunting nightmare. The cell of Angelo (a real convict) in the work of the «art activist» group known as Temporary Services, brings back the exhibition’s recurring concept of constriction and entrapment. The hundreds of almost identical images of glasses of water that Peter Dreher has been painting every day for the past 30 years remind us that time is expendable. In the video by Eleni Mylonas, the corpse of a sheep washed up on the seashore confronts us with fatality. It is the epilogue to a course in which disaster and violence prevails. In such a dark, almost nihilistic perception of reality, is there any room for hope and vision? Is man condemned to a Sisyphean, eternal and useless struggle? As an art exhibition, «Destroy Athens» is not the place to look for an answer. After all, this is art, not philosophy. It is where to look for sensations and not for intellectually rigorous thoughts. As such, the biennial is effective. It engages the viewer in a mood and helps raise life’s broader questions. Event’s parallel projects «Destroy Athens,» which opened Sunday and has already been attended by international curators, artists and members of the foreign press and art magazines (writers from ArtForum, the Berliner Zeitung, Deutsche Zeitung, Art in America, Frieze and the Independent, among others) includes satellite, parallel projects held in this area of downtown Athens. These include the exhibitions «How to Endure,» curated by Tom Morton, and «Young Athenians,» curated by Neil Mulholland, as well as film and video projections, many of them held under the broader Remap KM project, as well as host of artistic events in the nearby Metaxourgeio and Kerameikos areas. Counted among the supporters of the biennial is athens art review (www.athensartreview.org) and artwave radio (www.artwaveradio.net) as well as Greek art collectors and other individuals. A catalog is available in Greek and English. Deutsche Bank is the event’s main sponsor. «Destroy Athens» at the Technopolis in Gazi, through November 18. www.athensbiennial.org.
